dieter



- L. F..'DlETER. DISHED' CAR WHEEL on SIMILAR Bony.

. am-Gama 10, 1921.

SHEETS-wSHEET. I.

APPLICATION mwnov. 9, 1917.

L. F. IDEETER.

DISHED CAR WHE EL OH SIMILAR sow.

APPLICATION FiLED NOV- 9, X917- 1,377,618. Patented May 10, 1921.

HEETS-SHEET 6- L. F. DIETER.

DISHED CAR WHYEELOR SIMILAR BODY; APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1917.

1,377,618. Patented May 10 ,1921. 8 SHEETS-SHEET 7- v 1 p5 29 6 l "q a Fi l/5 5 Fag. J H

11 11120,; 5&5; 152M922 Z01;

" L. F. DIETER.

DISHED'CAR WHEEL""0 R SIMILAR BODY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9. 1911.

1,377,618; P nt May 10,1921.

Fig- .58. Fzgaa i 2 I 11220556 5. jindenlbr.

UNITED STATESPATENT/1OFFICE! S Louis mma 'BUrnALo, i\TEw YORK.

n snnn can-WHEEL on SIMILAR BODY.

Continuation of application Serial No. 633,343, file d June 215, 1911 and adivis ion of application Serial No. 195,922, filed October 11, 1917. v This application filed November 9, 1917. Serial No. 201,155.

1 0 all whom it may concern f 13c it known that 1, Lou s F. DIETER,2L

citizen of the United States, residing at I Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented 116W and usef l Improvements in Dished Oar-Wheels vor Similar Bodies, ofiwhichthe following :is a

specification, accompanied by eight sheets of drawings.

fhe features or my invention claimed herein are related to the invention of my original application 'filedJune 15,- 1911, Se-'- 1,319,143 and, the parts of, an apparatus or 2. mill, such as I prefer to employ to carry out my invention and shown in the accompanying drawings are illustrative of parts'of my said Patent No. 1,243,050 'and'mysaid Patent N0. 1,319,148. I

The method of and meansI prefer to em ploy for producing car-Wheels or other 'cir-' cular articles embodying my invention form no part of this-inventi'on,as this is claimed in and the presentinvention is also described or partly described in the followingapplications filed by me, viz :said original applif cation for patent filed J une 15, 1911,Serial No. 633,343, Patent No. 1,243,050; applica- I 'tion for patent filed October 10,1916, Serial No. 124,921, Patent 0 No; 1,243,051 application for patent filed November 20, 1916, Se-

rial No. 132,372,1Patent No. 1,243,052; application for patentfiled Novembe 22, 1916,-

Serial No. 132,815, Patent No. 1,243,053;'ap-

piication for patent filed-January 10, 1917 1 vheel or otherarticle at one side thereof -Whcn-finished and being shaped to conform Serial No. 141,558, Patent No. 1,246,067; application for .iatent filed June 22, 1917, Se-

rial No. 1 6,333,"PatentNoQ 1,319,141; and

application for patent filed October 11, 1917, Serial No. 195,922, Patent No. 1,319,143; The inventionrelates ,to dished car-Wheels or other'dished circular articles formed integral or in one piece'andhaving a central or hub and Webportion, and arim or marginal portion. p I I 0 Inmy said original application, the carvrheel or other circular body is-centrally pierced or penetrated or centered and is; rolled or formed by rolls operating against SpecificationofLetters latent. Patented May 10, 1921. i

opposite s 'ides and against the peripheral face of the Work-piece and. isdished While the. \vorlr piece'is rotated by said rolls.

Applicant is aware that heretofore it has beenrproposed to roll car-wheels ona form-c ing-die shaped ito'conform tothe center or hub part, the webxpart and the'rim partat it I one entire side 'of the car-wheel to be formed and also to conform to the outer or peripheral face of the car-Wheel, the car-Wheel beone side of its Web and at one. side of the edge of its During such rolling action, 'a Work-piece of given diameter Will be rolled to 'mucli'larger diameter and to the form of a car-Wheel, such larger diameter being determined and governed by said ing rolled on its'other side only; that is, at

forming-die. 1 With such an 7 arrangement, the metal in the Work-piece is not Worked at its outer peripheral face and therefore will be extended instead of being compressed;

' thus producing incipient cracks in the tread orouter peripheraliface of the rim of the canwhe'el. f r

In myapplication'for patent filed October 9, 1917, Serial No. 195,637, Patent No.

1,319,142=the care-Wheel or similar article is formed :first into undished form bycombined roll-forging anddie-forging means,

and is then dished While'the same revolves,

- or left undished it being pierced or centered or penetrated and rolledat one side, therebyforcmg metal 'of the Work-piece against the form ng-die, against or cover a center or piercer'passed axially through said formingqdle'or formed ntegral wlth said die, and

into theldepressed'portion or portions, also beyond andover the peripheral edge of said die; the actual forming portion of the prei ferredforming-die reaching only to the inner periphera vface ofthe rim of. the carto the-center or chub part, the 'webpart and the inner peripheral or inner circumferential face of the rim; portion of the finished undished car-Wheel or other vcircular undished body at one side thereof; all other portions orqsurfaces of the car-Wheel or otherbody being rolled'g or formed directlyby rolls and the car-wheel or other circular body being dished While the same'revolves,or left undished, all

as andin the mannershown and described in During the entire operating process the metal at the peripheral face of the workpiece is worked by a roll or rolls, whereby the metal in the whole rim portion is rolled or worked to uniform and maximum density, or practically so.

In this invention, which is the product of the invention covered by my aforesaid application filed October 11, 1917, Serial No. 195,922, Patent No. 1,319,143, the car-wheel or similar circular article is formed directly into dished form by combined roll-forging and die-forging means; it being pierced, or centered or penetrated, and rolled at one side,;thereby forcing the metal of the workpiece against the forming-die, against or over a center or piercer passed axially through said forming-die or formed integral with said die, and into the depressed portion or portions, also beyond and over the peripheral edge of said die, the actual forming portion of the preferred forming-die reaching only to the inner peripheral face of the rim of the car-wheel or other article at one side thereof when finished and being shaped to conform to the center or hub part, the dished web part and the inner peripheral or inner circumferential face of the rim portion of the finished dished car-wheel or other circular dished body at one side thereof; all other portions or surfaces of the carwheel or other body being rolled or formed directly by rolls,rall as and in the manner hereinafter shown and described. During the entire operating processthe metal at the peripheral face of the work-piece is worked by a roll or rolls, whereby the metal in the whole rim portion is rolled or worked to uniform and maximum density or practically so.

Another object of my invention is to provide as herein described such articles wherein, during the forming of the marginal or rim portion thereof, the metal has been compressed to greater density than the metal in the central or hub and web portion.

Another object is to provide, as herein de-- scribed, such articles wherein, during the forming process, the metal in the marginal or llIIi portion, except the metal forming the periphery or flanged tread portion, has been worked or compressed to greater density or refinement than the metal in the cen tral or hub and web portion, and the metal forming the periphery or flanged tread portion has been worked or compressed to still greater density or refinement than the metal in the remainder of said marginal or rim portion.

Another object is to provide, as herein described, such articles wherein the periphery or flanged tread portion is formedof metal of harder and of greater strength than the body portion. 7

provislon, as herein described, of such articles wherein the marginal or rim portion is. formed stronger, more true and more durable than have heretofore been produced.

Another object is to provide such articles which are completely formed, as and in the manner herein described, and wherein the metal in the marginal. or rim portion is compressed to uniform'and to its maximum density or refinement, or approximately so.

Another object is to provide, as herein described, such articles in dished form, and composed of the qualities of metal as specified in the foregoing objects of my inven tion.

Another object is the provision, as herein described, of a dished wheel which is free or substantially free from initial or inherent stresses or strains.

Another object is to provide, as herein de scribed, such articles as above specified, each formed in one heat with all its surfaces smooth and all its angles sharp and free from fins or other undesirable projecting part or parts.

Another ob ect is to provide, as herein described, such articles as above specified,

each formed at one or both sides with a preportions formed smooth without leaving any raised portions or fins which would have to be removed afterward by turning or other costly means.

A further object is the provision of a dished wheel having a central or hub and web portion and a rim or marginal portion. said central portion including the inner peripheral faces of said rim being die and roll forged and the rim or marginal portion including the outer peripheral face thereof being roll forged caused by rolls operating against the opposite sides and the peripheral face of said rim portion, said wheel being formed from an ingot, bloom, blank or other work-piece and having its hub pierced or penetrated.

A further object is to provide a dished car-wheel which may be partly die and roli forged and partly roll forged with one heat and without surplus metal which would have-to be removed afterward by turning or other costly means.

A further object is to provide a dished car-Wheel wherein also the hub portionis die and roll-forged and formed smooth and to proper form. s

Further ob ects are to. prov1de,as herein described, a rudimentarily formed dished I car-wheel havlng lts central pOltlOIlClle and roll-forged and being rolled on itsperiphery with two cylindrical or approximately cylindricalportions, one of which is of greater diameter than the other, and an intermediate concaved or conical, or approximately concaved or conical portion merging into said cylindrical portions; to provldea rudimentarily formed dished car-wheel, the indished shapedbody Whose peripheral face has been lOllGChill'St to rudimentary iorm,

or rolled for instance with two cylindrical or approximately cylindrical portions, one

of which is of greater diameter than the other, and an intermediate concaved, or conical, or approximately concaved "or comcal portion merging lnto said cylindrical portions, and which rudimentarily formed peripheral face has been then rolled to fini hed form; to provide a dished car-wheel .or similar di hed body, one of the inner peripheral faces of whose rim portion has been rolled or formed first to rudimentary term, or rolled orformed 1 suiiiclently 1nv clined outwardly toward the periphery of the wheel to have condensed or compressed the metal in the rim portion to uniform or i to practically uniform density and Which inner peripheral face has been then rolled to finished form; and to provide a car-wheel otherwise improved over wheels as now made. I Y

Still furthcrobjects are to providedished car wheels or similar dished shaped objects,

which have been completely formed in dished form, i'rom properly heated ingots,

, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, includmg the piercing, or penetrat1ng,;or form-i ing at opposite sides otthe work-piece of a rudimentary bore, or a part or parts thereof, while at-the same time having secured a uniform and maximum-density and homogenity in the metal therein, which contributes materiallyto the strength and duaccording to my invention, is not expanded of incipient cracks in the tread and flanged portion or in, the peripheraliace, of the rim.

The invention consists in novel dished carwheels or other dished. shaped circular articles oi'manufacture'formed integral or in onepiece and having a central portion or hub and web portion, and a rim or marginal' portion herein described and" more particularly polnted out 111 the claims, said centralor hub and web portion being also termedthe body-portion ofthe wheeler other article.

I prefer to carry out my invention with an apparatus or mill such as for instance described and claimed'in my aforsaid original applicationand in applications filed by me and having the hereinbefore mentioned serial numbers and filing dates, as hereinafter shownand described and more fully shown anddescribed inmy said application Serial No. 195,922. i

in the accompanying drawings, in which I have illustrated my invention together with devices or means I prefer to employ in carrying out my invention:

Figures 1, .2, 3, l,.5and 6, for instancaw illustrate somewhat modified forms of the portion of the apparatus: or mill illustrated in Fig. 9, as hereinaiter described.

Fig. 5, shows in sectional view a car wheel formed -with the forming-die, the herein named web finishing roll, the herein named die-supportingroll, a facev rolling roll, and

a facefinishing roll as shown.

, Fig. .6 is a similar sectional view; in this figure is shown a formed car wheel similar to Fig. 4 Said car wheelis formed w th the iorming-die, the herein named ed 'ing' and web rolling roll formed wholly conical. asshown, the herein named edging and diesupporting roll, the herein named web finishing roll, the herein named die-supporting roll, and a peripher l face finishing roll.

Fig: 7 is a sectional side elevation, on en Q la 'ed scale, showing-the adiacent ends of the supportin heads, the piercers or centers supported thereby, the forming-die supported on one of said piercers or centers,

and some of the rolls; therein is also shown a worlr piece formed to the finished form H1O e1 1} Tee w- 1 or t is car so sion 11 on: elem is also shown oncof the supporting heads provided with roller-supports formed as shown and actihgagainst or in contact with the formng-die as shown.

Fig. 8 is a similar sectional side elevashowing my method and device for centertion, showing one of the supporting heads rability thereof. For instance, the metal in this wheel or similaria'rtiole, when being "formed from a blank or other work-piece ing or for piercing or penetrating and centering, and for forming, for instance, dished flanged car wheels; wherein an ingot, bloom, blank or other work-piece may also be centered or pierced or penetrated and centered and rolled with the use ofthe forming-die and with all the rolls of the apparatus or mill shown.

Figs. 10 to 26 show sect onal views illustrating various combinations and different and illustrates the operation of piercing or penetrating the side of a portion of a workpiece next to the forming-die during the operating process, as hereinafter more fully described.

Fig. 30 is a similar sectional view as Fig. 29 and shows a different form of the forming-die and rolls associated with the forming-die.

Fig. 31 is a sectional view showing the forming-die and the work-piece or finisher product in diametral sections. In this figure is shown for instance a formed disliwheel, or gear blank, or center such as used for instance in some tired car wheels; otherwise this illustration is similar to the illustration in Fig. 1. Said disk-wheel or center is formed with the forming-die, one of the herein named edging and web rolling rolls, one of the herein named edging and diesupporting rolls, one of the herein named die-supporting rolls, and a single face roll as shown. The die-supporting roll shown in this Fig. e3 may in some cases be omitted as in Fig. 1.

Fig. shows a diametral section of an additional form of an in- 'ot, bloom, blank. or other work-piece, the same may be solid as shown, or may either be provided with a central impression at opposite sides, or with a central hole.

Fig. 33 is a sectional view showing, for instance, a work-piece previously formed as shown and placed on the forming-die as shown. Therein is shown only the central portion of both the work-piece and formingdie.

Fig. 34 is a sectional view showing, for instance, a portion of another form of forming-die and the centering supporting means. The work-piece is not provided with centralhole, but the forming-die and center are providedwith pins which pierce or penetrate the wok-piece as shown; Therein is shown only the center portion of both work-piece and formingdie.

Fig. 35 is a sectional view showing, for instance, the central portion of the workpiece provided with a large central opening and still another form of centering means in which the centering element at one side of the work-piece is integral with the forr ing-die as shown. Therein is also shown only the central portion of the forming-die.

Fig. is a sectional view showing the central portion of the work-piece previously formed as shown and provided with central depressions or pockets into which the piercers or centers are to be penetrated or entered, one of said PlQKZGlS or centers being shown slidable within the forming-die. T herein is also shown only the central portion of the forming-die.

37 is a sectional view showing the central portion of the work-piece provided with an a 'ial or approximately axial opening and showing different forms of centering elements at opposite sides of the workpiece, the centering element at one sine being in the form of a piercer or center as shown and the other being in the formingdie which also serves in forming hub portion onto the work-piece and which formingdie is keyedor otherwise securely fastened to the -work-supporting axle. Therein is also shown only" the central portion of the formingdie.

38 is a sectional view showing, for instance, a work-piece provided with an opening somewhat off center and illustrating the method of piercing or penetrating the work-piece centrally, regardless of the position of the opening therein.

Figs. 39, 40 and 41 show diametral sections of various additional forms of i1 gets, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces.

Fig. 42 shows diametral sectional View of a car wheel formed in accordance with my invention. the same being shown with the hub bored.

Fig. 43 shows a diametral section of a completely formed dished car wheel taken on line &3 l-3, Fig. 45, the same being shown with the hub bored, showing the inner peripheral surface of the rim, at one side thereof, formed to a different angle than the inner peripheral surface of the rim at the other side thereof.

Fig. 4 1 shows a diametral section of a dished car wheel completely formed in accordance with my invention, and showing the inner peripheral face of the rim at one si .e ofthe car wheel formed to the same angle as the inner peripheral face of the rim at the other side thereof, the same being shown with the hub bored.

Fig. 45 shows a fragmentary plan view of object having-a web, during the forming of said rim portion, all of which 418 avoided by a car wheel, formed in accordance With my invention.

Figs. 46 and cally improper flow of metal resulting from improper working of the metal in the rim portion of a car wheel or other circular my invention, as hereinafter described and also described in mysaid original applica tion. I

Fig. 4-8 illustrates, for instance, the proper flow of metal during the forming of a tire having no hub, such as used for some tired car wheels, as hereinafter described and also described in mysaidoriginal application.

Figs. 4-9 and 50 are diagrammatic illustrations showing the result of the forming of therim of acar wheel'in accordance with my invention as hereinafter descr bed, and

also described in my said original application.

Fig-s51 to 53 are similar diagrammatic.

illustrations showing the result of the rolling or forming of the rim of a car wheel or other circular body directly to finished form in accord-ance with my invention as herein 'described. Fig. 52 shows the rim portion rolled with its flanged :tread direct to finished form with the exception of rounding a separate finishing'roll. Fig. 53 shows the rim portion having a straight peripheral face rolled direct to finished form.

Figs. 5a to 57 inclusive, show the flange and tread portions of car wheels and are diagrammatic views illustrating for instance a few shapes or ways'o'f"beaking, as herein named and as hereinafter described and also described in my said original application.

Fig. 58 is an enlarged sectionalelevation of a dished car-wheel embodying my inven:

tion, the same being shown with the hub bored. Therein is alsoshown the metal condensed dur ng the formation of the wheel by graduated sectionlines, or SGCtlOIl linesof different widths, which show the metal in Fig. 59 is an enlarged sectional elevation of a dished article embodying my invention, such article for'instance, as a disk-wheel or center such as for instance used intired car.

wheels, or such article for instance as agear blank, etc, the same being shown with its 7 hub bored. -'Therein isalso shownthe metalp p, described in my said original application. the outer corners of thejflange and tread, and Fig. 51 shows said cornersrou'nded with jicondensed; during the formation of the arti- 'cle'bygraduated section lines, or section 47 illustrate diagrammatilines of different widths, which show' the metalin the central portion orhub and-web portions, as shown at 3 Fig. 59. 3 The-reference characters dand 5, in said Figs. 58 and 59designate the hub and web portions or the central or. body portion of the wheel'or other article.

It is, of course, to be understood that I do not intend to limit myself to the use of the particular parts herein shown nor the use of the remaining parts of the apparatusor mill shown and described in my said original application, asothermeans mayhereafter be devised for carrying 'out'my invention in a practicable manner.

Similar characters of reference indicate "corresponding parts throughout the several views and, the parts of my said original application herein shown and not changed in "this application have the same characters of reference as in my said original application.

. B designates part of the bed-plate which forms partof a suitable frame or foundation for carrying or supporting the variousparts of my apparatus or. mill as fully shown and E, are theherein named work-supportlengths and. maybe formed and constructed difieren'tlyto suit'the various purposes for which they are intended, as hereinafter described, These axles are rotatably supported in supporting heads, M, M and are arranged in aline ment one with its supportinghead M being arranged atv one side of the work-piece wh'enjthe same is positioned in the apparatus or mill and the other with its supporting headM"? being arranged at the other side of said work-piece or at one sideof the forming-die, as shown in the drawing; These axles in addition to serving to support the work-piece also serve other purposes as herein shown and described and they are longitudinally movable as hereinafter fully described.

One of said, axles E,-E,' that is the one which is supported in thesupporting head M, has one of the herein named piercers or supporting centers'detachab'ly secured to its inner or operatingend, as shown. Theother' I axle which is supported in the supporting headM has I one of the herein named piercersor supporting centers detachably secured to its inner for operating end and which piercer orcenter is passed through :the forming-dimes for instance, shown or is "formed integral withthe forming-die, as for other purposes as hereinafter described, and

are longitudinally moved or operated as hereinafter described.

The piercers of supporting centers for the 5 axle in the supporting head M are interchangeable, either on said axle or with said axle, and may have many different forms or shapes, as forinstance E in Fig. 16 or 31; E in Fig. 27; E in Fig. 34; E in Fig. 35; 10 E in Fig. 37; E in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 19 or 36; E in Fig. 10; or as for instance E in Fig. 13, 22 or 25, &c. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that said piercers or supporting centers may 15 have, as will appear from the matter hereinafter described.

Said piercers orsupporting centers for the axle in the supporting head M are interchangeable, either on saidaxle or with said axle, and may have many different forms'or shapes, as for instance: E in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,16, 19, 29, 30, 31 or 38; E in Fig. 8; E in Fig. 10; E in Fig. 13 or 22; E in Fig. 25; or as for instance E in Fig. 36, &c.

2 There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that said piercers or centers may have, as will pear from the matter hereinafter describec.

Said piercer or supporting center for the axle in the supporting head M has one of the herein named forming-dies, for instance or VV &e., which forming-dies may have many different forms or shapes, as for instance in Figs. 1,2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9,16, 19,

29, 31 or 36; -W in Fig. 27; V7 in Fi 10;

.W in Fig. 30; in Figs. 5 or 6; W in Figs. 13 or 22; W in Fig. 34; V7 in Fig. 35; in Fig. 37 Vi in Fig. 33; 3 in Fig. 25; or as for instance W' in Fig. 38

40 &c. Said forming-die is supported orpartly supported by said piercer or center in such a manner that while it is rotated by rolls or the work-piece, or by both rolls and the work-piece, during theoperating process, as hereinafter described, italso rotates said piercer -or center together with the axle to which said ipi'ercer or center is secured. by means as for instance shown and described with reference to Figs. 29 to33 inclusive. Said forming-dies may also 'be supported and rotated as for instance described in my application filed October 11, 1917, Serial No. 195,922. Each forming-die. in preferred form, is'of a diameter which reaches only to the inner peripheral face of the rim at one side of the finished car wheel or other finished circularobject and isshaped to COI1- form to the center or hub part,=the web part and the inner peripheral 'or inner circun1 5 ferential face of'the rim portion of the finished car wheel or other circular finished body at one "side thereof. l he forming-die is shaped to'conform with theshape or form which the finisheddishedcar wheel or other finished dished object is to havesaid one side inside of said inner peripheral face of the finished rim portion, as shown. All other portions or surfaces of the work-piece are rolled directly by rolls, as hereinafter more fully described. During the entire operating process, the metal at the peripheral face of the work-piece is worked directly by a roll or rolls.

Said forming dies are each formed to proride the work-piece at one side thereof with a hub portion, a dished web portion and an inner peripheral face of a marginal or rim portion, or they are formed as and for the purpose hereinafter described. Y

F, F and F designate the work-piece from some of "the various forms or shapes it may have when put into the apparatus or mill to some of the many various forms or shapes which the finished article orjproduct may have. For instance, F, designates the ingot, bloomfblank or other work-piece in a few of the many various forms or shapes it may have when put into the apparatus or mill, either solid, as for instance F in Figs. 16, 19, 29, 32 or 34, or it may be previously formed, or pierced, as for instance F in Figs. 10, 13, 22, 25, 33, 35, 37 or 38; or it may have a central hole, as for instance r in 'Figs. 35, 40 or 41; or as F in Fig. 2?; r previously formed into form or shape, as for instance F in F1gs.'36, 39, 40 or 41; or previously cast into any suitable form or shape, as for instance F in the Figs. 36, 39, 40 or 41; or. it may be a previously formed or rolled car wheel or other previously formed body to be reworked or reformed, as for instancethe car wheel or work-piece shown at F in 27, which is shown reworked or reformed to the form or shape shown at F .in Fig. 28. Such previously rolled-or othervF which represents the finished article or finished product from my apparatus or mill.

J,-J designate the roll shafts, one of which has at its inner or operating end one of the herein named edging and'web rolling rolls, and the othe has at 11581111161 or operating end one of the herein named edging and the supportingrolls, Although so named, these rolls also serve other purposes, as herein after described.

Said edging and web rolling rolls are interchangeable and may have many different formsor shapes, as for instance J in Figs. 1, 2,9, 10, 19; J in Fig. 4 or 6; J in F1g. 22;-J .1n F g.'27;'or as for instance J in Figs. 13, 16, 25 or, 31, &c. In the preferred apparatus for producing car wheels or other circular articles embodying my invention,'the said edging and web rolling rolls may be either removably attached to its shaft'in s'uch a way that the whole roll may be driven byiits shaft, or only a part of the roll may he driven by its shaft and the other part or parts be permitted to turn loose; or the wholema'y be permitted to turn looseon a journal formedon its shaft or on a ournal reinovahly fastened to its shaft, all as described in mysaid original application. There is practicallyno limit to, 1

the forms or shapes thatthese rolls may have, as will appear from the matter hereinafter described.

' eaidedp ing and die supportingrolls are interchangeableand may have many dif ferent forms or shaves as for instance J in Figs. 1, 2, at, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 2%, 29, or 31; or as for instance J in Fig, 30. In

the preferred apparatus forproducing car wheels or other circular bodies embodyingmy invention, the said edging and die-sup; porting roll for instance J 01 J maybe either rem'ovahly attached to its shaft "in such way that the wholeroll maybe dr ven by its shaft, or only part of the roll'may he driven hyits shaft and theioth'er part "or partsmaylbe permitted to turn loose; or the whole'roll may be permitted to turn loose on a journal or. journals formedon its shaft, or on a journal or journals removably fastened to its shaft, as shown and described in my said original application. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapesthat these rolls may have, as will appearffrom the-matter hereinafterdescrihed. i

G, G designate the roll shafts, one of which has at its inner or operatingeiid one of the herein named eb finishing rolls, and

the other has at its inner or operating end one of the herein named die-supporting rolls. Although so named, these rolls also serve other purposes as Will appear from the matter hereinafterdescrihed; Said web finishing rolls may have many rhflerent forms or shapes, as for instance G in Fig. 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 1 3, 16,319, 22, 25 or 27; or as for instance G in Fig, 5, &c. In the preferred apparatus for producing car wheels or other circular: articles embodying;

'my invention, the said Web finishing'rolls are interchangeable, as described in my said original application, There is practically no limit to the shapes that these rolls may inafter described. 1

have, as will appear from the matter herd,

Said (llG-SllPPOItlIlg rolls are interchangeable and have many different forms orshaped as for instance G in Fig; 3, 4-,, 6, 9., 10. 1a 16, 19, 22, 27, 29 or'81; G in Fig. 30; G in Fig. 5; or as for instance G in In he Preferre ppa atus for its shaft in such away that the whole roll the other part or parts ted to turn loose on a journal or journals formed Oll ltS'SllEtfl), or on a gournal or ourn'als reinovahly fastened to its shaft.

appear from the matter hereinafter de- 'SCllbQCl.

'may have alsovariOus different shapes as tically no limit to the shapes which the peripheral portion of said tread or face roll may have,or to the purpose for wh ch There is pIEtBtlctlly no limit to the forms or shapes that these rolls may have, as will IQ designates the herein named tread-or face rolling roll which is adapted to act against the peripheral face of the WOIllpiece to roll said face to a healred or rudimentary form, or to partly finished or to completely finished form and which roll during the rolling process is moved toward, against oraway from the peripheral face of the Work-piece. The said movements ofso said roll are limited or controlled by adjustable stops provided inthe mechanism for causing said movements, as more fully described in my said original application, and

by means of said stops the radial distance for distances of said "roll from the axis of the supported work-piece may be adjusted or controlled so as to suit any requirement and whereby said roll may be stopped and retained at any desired radial distance from the axis of the supported work-piece. Said tread or face rolling roll may also he supported so as -to permit lateral movement of the same. Theperiph'eral face of said r011 for instance .described'in my said original Jappl-ication and as hereinafter more particularly set forth, and said face 'roll may also serve otherpurposes; there being pracsaid face roll he used.

' designates the herein named tread or face finishing roll whichisadapted to act 1 against the peripheral face of the ivorle piece; This roll, during the rolling process,

is adapted to he moved toward, against or away from the peripheral face of the workpiece and the movements of said roll are limited or controlled by adjustable stops j arovidedinthe mechanism for causing said movements, as more fully described in said original application, whereby theradial distance or distancesof said roll from the axis of the supported WOrk-piece'may be vgoverned to suit the exact diameter of the car wheehwhen' finished. After the car wheel has been rolled to its finisheddiam- 'eter, said roll acts as a rolling stop against the peripheral face of the work-piece, car wheel or other article, and maintains said finished diameter during any further opera tions against the work-piece, wheel or other article. The peripheral face of said roll may have also many dilferent shapes, as for instance described more fully in my said original application, andas hereinafter more particularly set forth, and said face roll may also serve other purposes; there being practically no limit to the shapes which the peripheral portion of said tread or face finishing roll may have, or to the purpose for which said face roll may be used. V

Said face rolls H and K may also be moved toward, against or away from the peripheral face of the supported work-piece, either together or independently of each other, as and in the manner d scribed in my said original application.

In forming as herein described, for instance, car wheels or other circular articles embodying my invention, having each a hub, a dished web and a marginal or rim porion, the lateral thickness or width of said face roll K, in most cases, is the same as is the lateral thickness or width which the outer or rim portion of the car wheel or other article is to have when finished, as is shown for instance at K in the Figs. 1. 2, 9,

11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 1s, 20, 21, 23, 24, 2e, 27, e

28 and 31. As shown in said figures, the opposite side faces of said fa'ce roll K are therefore also adapted to act for gaging the lateral thickness or width which the margi nal or rim portion of the car wheel. or other circular article is to have when finished. In some cases, said face roll K may be formed and be used as aface finishing roll, as for instance shown at K in Fig. 5,

and in other cases said face roll may not be operating against the peripheral face of the workpiece but may serve other purposes. Said face finishmg roll H, in some cases,

may have a lateral thickness or width which is the same as is the lateral thickness or width which the outer or rim portion of the car wheel or other circular article is to have when finished, as shown for instance at H in Fig. in which case the opposite side faces of said'face roll H also serve to act for gaging the lateral thickness or width which the marginal or rim portion of the car wheel or other circular article is to have when finished; and in other cases said face roll H may not be operating against the peripheral ing-die and all the rolls as herein described, 1

for instance, with reference to Figs. 6, 9 and Figs. 10 to 28, a dished car wheel or other similar shaped article may also be formed to desired shape with only the use of the herein named piercers or centers, the forming-die, the herein named edging and web rolling roll, edging and die-supporting roll, and tread or face rolling roll or, for instance, with only the use of the herein named piercers or centers, the forming-die, the herein named edging and web rolling roll, edging and die-supporting roll, tread or face rolling roll, and the herein named tread or face finishing roll. The forming of the dished car wheel or other similar shaped article with only the use of the hereinnamed piercers or centers, the forming die and said three or four rolls may, in some cases, give satisfactory results and when so forming the dished car wheel or other similar shaped article the inner cir cumferential face or faces of the rim portion may also be formed sufliciently inclined as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference, for instance, to 49, 52, or 53, and the peripheral face of the rim portion may be rolled to any suitable form described or rolled direct to desired finished form. With any of such arrange ments, that is to say, with the use of the herein named piercers or centers, the forming-die 'and said three rolls, or with the use of the herein named piercers or centers, the forming-die and said four rolls, the hub and the web or central portion of the dished car wheel or other similar shaped article may be formed to desired shape with metal thereof of certain density or refinement and the rim portion of said dished car wheel or so supported by said piercers or centers, or V by said centers and said forming-die, into a clamped condition laterally or axially between said piercers or centers and automati cally keeping said hub or center portion in clamped condition by constant pressure during the forming process, as hereinafter described and also described in my said original application; said device co-acting with the forming-die for such purposes as will be hereinafter described.

The work-supporting axle of the supporting head M has one of said piercers or."

centers atone of its ends, as'forinstance E E or E 620., and the work supporting axle E of the supporting head M has oneiof said pie'rcers or centers at one of its ends, as for instance E E E or E, &c. Said supporting heads M,'M are moved or operated longitudinally inline with the axisof said piercers or centers by means of pressures in the cylinders (not shown herein) acting against the pistons;

and piston-rods and N operatively connected with said heads M, M (see Fig. 9),

or by any other equivalent means, toward or away from each other, or they may be'moved together in either'direction; or one of them may be retained in any position while the other is moved toward or away from the one so retained, or the may be'movedas the case may require.

M is operatively connected-with the piston-rod O and is moved by the pressure in the cylinder (not shown herein) operatively connected with said rod 0 The other head M is operatively connected with the pistonrod N and is moved by the pressure in the cylinder (not shown herein) operatively connected with said rod Ni p I By the words centerlng, or piercing, or

penetrating used herein, I'mean that the;

ingot, bloom, blank or other work-piece is centered,"or pierced or penetrated bythe apparatus or mill, by forcing either one or both of said piercers or'centers, against or into the work-piece, by their pressure means operatively connected therewith, when the outer portion or periphery of said; work-'- piece is brought coaxial, or approx1mately* coaxial with the piercers or centers by means of the herein named positlon ng, or ralsing,

loweringand retaining device shown and described in my saidoriginal application;

' or metal of the work-piece may be forcedover and around any one of sa1d plercers or centers, and this means herein that said workpiece is centered, or pierced or penej trated and centered, because said piercing;

or penetrating at the same timealso centers" said work-piece, for thereason that at the j beginnlng of said centering or pierc ng or penetrating process, the outer portion or 'peripheryof said work-piece is then coaxial,

or approximately so, with said piercers or centers and iscentral with said forming-die,-

that is, said piercers or centers are then in the center or approximately in the center of the outer portion or periphery of said work-piece.

In Figs. 16 and '17, I haye for instance illustrated in brief, one of the piercing or penetrating or centeringv processes or steps and one m" the operat o sfor fo m ng a ne of said supporting heads M,'M for instance, thehead' car wheel or other circular body including itscentral or hub portion suchas I prefer to employin "carryingout the process of forming car wheels, &c.

* In Fig/16, the properly heated blank or work-piece F, shown infdiame'tral section, may have a thickness which is'either the same or greater, or less than the'length which the hub of the car wheel or other circular body is to have when rolled to finish. The workpiece F shown in-Figl' 16 has been brought into. the position shown I by the herein named positioning, or raising, lowering and retaining device, such for in-' stance as shown and described in my said original application, in which position the outer portion or periphery of the workpiece is co-axial or approximately so with the piercers or work-supporting centers, for I instance E EQand central with the forming-die,for instance W and in' which posi-' 35 tion, the work-piece is pierced or centered,

for instance as described in the following:

The supporting-headM? "with its piercer or center E and forming-die W andthe die-supporting roll G and the edging and die-supporting roll J are moved and ad justed into the positions shown, in which positions the flange or shoulder'e of said piercer or center E is against the shoulder formedin said forming-die W and holds the same againstor in contact with the sup porting portions of said rolls G and J r and, the supporting or edging portion 9 of said roll. G is in contact with oneof the sides of the peripheral face finishing" roll "H, which roll 11 is "a certainradial distance from the axis of the piercers or centers j E tions, the roll G the'roll J, and the centering process illustrated in "Figs." 16-and 17 ,the piercer or center E is forced nto one sideof the work-piece F, while saidedging andfweb rolling roll, for instance J formedas shown rotates or assists in- 7 7. rotating the work-piece together with its forming-die W and is forced or rolled against and into said side of thework-piece,

thus causingthe work-pieceat its other'side 'to be forced over the other piercer orcenter E and causing metal of said work-piece to be forced into the hub-forming, cavity of the forming-die W around said piercer or center E and against and over the formthe operation as shown. In'these illustra- 11 0 forming-die W are retained in said p'ositions during'the operating process, an d dur ing the actual piercing or penetrating" or ing-die W as shown in Fig. 17 thus fornring the side of the work-piece next to said forming-die V7 During said rolling or forming process, the end of the roll part j of said roll J is either in contact with the peripheral face of said piercer or center E as forinstance shown in Figs. 16 and 17,

or comes against said peripheral face of said piercer or center E during said forming process and thus forms the other side of the work-piece while the work-piece is forced against said forming-die and with the aid of the face roll K it is formed to the form shown in Fig. 17. During this process, the roll portion of said roll J operates against the end face of the hub as shown and the edging roll portion 7' of said roll J operates against the portion of the side of the workpiece between the web rolling part of said roll J and the periphery of the work-piece, as shown in Fig. 17. During this operation, the face roll K has been moved away from the forming-die while the metal in the peripheral portion of the work-piece has been forced over the inclined peripheral face or edge Q0 of said forming-die W and against the edging roll portion of said edging and die-supporting roll J, as shown in Fig. 17. Thus the work-piece is centrally pierced or penetrated or centered and rolled 'and formed to the form shown at F in Fig. 17, and as hereinafter more fully described with reference to Figs. 16, 1.7 and 18. Said piercing or penetrating or centering may be done either before or during said hub-rolling or forming process, and said ositioning, or raising, lowering and retaining device may be moved away from the work-piece either after or during the piercing or penetrating process. The side of the work-piece next to the forming-die may also be first pierced or penetrated before operation with the rolls, as illustrated for instance in Fig. 29, that is, when the workpiece is in proper position as shown by the portion of the work-piece F in Fig. 29,-the piercer or center for instance E is forced into the work-piece for instance the distance x as shown by the dotted lines, while the forming-die W and the rolls G, J, H

and K are retained in the position shown in Fig. 29.

In case that all the rolls of the apparatus or mill are used for forming a wheel or other article, as shown for instance in Fig. 9, the rolling or forming operation ing head M formed as shown, and with these parts the blank or other work-piece maybe formed to the form or shape F such as shown for instance in the Fig. 20, &c., and with said rolls and forming-die in the position shown forinstance in said Fig. 20, the herein named web finishing roll, for instance G and the tread or face finishing roll H, may begin the finishing operation against the work-piece F and roll the same to the form shown for instance in Fig.21.

mfatically and continuously toward and against the hub or center portion of this one side of said work-piece, while the pistonrod of the cylinder 0 (which cylinder 0 is not shown herein) with the other worksupporting head M and its axle E and ple'rcer or work-supporting center, for instance E now under constant and continu- 1 ous pressure from said cylinder 0, causes said other piercer orwork-supporting center- E to press automatically and continuously toward and against the hub orcenter portion of said work-piece at the other side of said work-piece, as shown in Fig. 9. It is to be noted that the center or hub portion of the work-piece or car wheel, during my forming process, is firmly held in said automatically clamped condition between said piercers or centers, for instance E, E), while said piercers or centers and said forming-die are rotating with the work-piece or wheel. Should it be required to axially move the work-piece while so supported the pressure in one of said cylinders N or O, for example the pressure in said cylinder N is gradually somewhat relieved or reduced retaining therein however, the constant pressure re quired in said cylinder N to retain the aforcsaid automatically axially clamped condition of the hub or center portion of the worln piece between said piercers or centers, for instance E, E thereby causing the pressure or force from said cylinder 0 to overcome the resistance of the piston-rod N and gradually move the pistons and the rods 01*, N! with their said heads M, M, with the workpiece or wheel axially into the desired position.

Instead of so reducing the constant pres.-

sure in said cylinder N, said axial movement of the work-piece or wheel can also be done 1n the samemanner, by increasing-the conder N.

After the wheel or other article is com pletely finished, the'rolls may bepulled back,

as for instance shown inFig. 19. The fin-fl ished wheel or finished product taken out and replaced by another properly heated work-piece, &c.

supporting head M is provided with 'a piercer or center, for instance E having a cylindrical portion 0 slidably fitted in'the central bore of the forming-die'W a tapered portione on which the work-piece F with its central hole is adapted to be supported, and a cylindricalportion e slidably fitted into the central hole or bore a of the center E of the other supporting head M, as shown. Whenthe work-piece in the Fig. 10 is put into the apparatus or mill, the supporting head M together with itsaxle E and plercer or center E will "be moved longitudinally from its position shownin solid lines to the position thereof shown in dotted lines, that is, the distance for instanceindicated by 00 When the work-piece is brought into the position shown in Fig. 10,

moved forward the distance indicatedby 0'0 inFig. 10, into the position shown in Fig. 10.

Referring to Fi '13, the axle E of the provided with a piercer supporting head or center for instance E having adjacent its axle and a cylindrical or slightly tapered portion 0 and next thereto a tapered portion e on which thework-piece F with its cen tral hole is adapted to be supported and, at

the small diameter of said tapered portion.

6 said piercer or center is formed with a shoulder asshowfn. From, said shoulder said piercer or center is formed with acylindrical portion 6 fitted into the central hole or bore 6 4 of the center E of the other supporting headM, and with its said shoulder said piercer or center E is acting a ainst or 1n contact with said other center shown. When the worlnplece F 1n Fig; 1 3

is put into the apparatus or mill, the supporting head M together with; its axle El and piercer or center E will be movedlongitudinally from its position shown in solid lines to the position thereof shown in the dotted lines, that is, the'distance for in-' p When the workpiece is then brought into theposition shown stance indicated by 00.

in F i 13 said i'ercer or center E will be moved forward again the distance indicated by w in Fig. 13, into the position shown in Fig. 13. 1 When the work-piece or wheel is ready to be removed, said support in head M with its axle E and piercer or cent-er E will be pulled back into the posi:

I ments and forms of rolls. Referrmg to Fig. 10, the axle E of the tion shown in dotted lines said Fig 13 and a new work-piece put into the apparatus ormill as and in the manner above described.

' In Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the pressure cylinders O and with their rods are omitted and only partsof the work-supporting heads M, M are shown with their axles the operations'for'putting in the ingot,

bloom, blank or other work-piece and removing the finished article and for centeringorx'for piercing or penetrating and centering the ingot, bloom, blank or other workpiece are similar to those described for ino to form an article withonly such rolls "as are shown in thesaid Figs l to 4 inclusive, then in such case,the rolls not shown in these stance" in said Fig. 9. When it is desired Figs. 1 to it inclusive, will not'be used, and

therefore may be omitted; or an apparatus or mill' may be made without them. For

instance; a wheel or. other article is tobe formed with onl therolls, shown in' Fig. 1, in which is s own, for instance, a car wheel ingot," bloom, blank or work-piece centered or pierced or'penetrated and cen- I p tered as before described and formed on said plercer or center 11 will again be I stance E, E and on a. forming-die, for in Y stance W, with the herein named edging and web rolling roll, for instance J edging and die-supporting roll for instance J 61 and tread or face rolling roll K, to the shape F 2 shown in the Fig.1. A- wheel orother article may be formed, for instance, with bloom, blank or. work-piece centered or.

only the rolls shown in Fig. '2, in which fig- I ures issh'own for instance, a car wheel ingot,

pierced or penetrated and centered-as before, described and formed on piercers'or work-supporting centers for instance E, E I

and on aformingedie, forinstance W with the herein namedj'edging and web rolling roll, forinstancejJfl edging and die-sup I porting roll, for instance J tread or, face rolling roll K, 'and'the herein named tread orface finishing roll I-I, to the, formor shape F shown in the Fig. 2. I

In Fig. 3, I haveshown an ingot, bloom, blank or work-piece formed with only the use of the rolls shown, andin this case is shown, for instance, an ingot, bloom, blank 1 or other work-piece having been centered or pierced or penetrated and centered as before described and formedon 'pierc'er's or E, and on the forming-die, for instance W with" only the herein named webfinishing car wheel -blank,ingot, bloom or workwork-supporting centers, for" instance E,

piece is shown in Fig. 4 formed only at its rim, tread and flange and at part of the web next to the rim with only the use of the rolls shownin said Fig. 4, in which is shown for instance, a car wheel blank, ingot, bloom or work-piece having been centered or pierced or penetrated or centered as before described and rolled or formed on piercers for instance J havingthe shape as shown,

and edging and die-supporting roll for instance J to the form or shape F shown in said Fig. 4. In this case, such roll as J may either be driven by its shaft J or it may be turning loosely on a hearing attached to the end of said shaft J, and the edging and die-supporting roll, for instance J may either be wholly driven by its shaft or be partly driven by its shaft J and the other part or parts be in sections which are permitted to turn loose on a bearing or bearings provided therefor and which bearing orbearings are attached to the end of said shaft J.

In Fig. 5 is shown, an ingot, bloom, blank or work-piece rolled and formed only at its rim, tread and flange and at part of the web next to the rim with only the use of the rolls shown in Fig. '5; that is to say, Fig. 5

shows, for instance, a car wheel blank, ingot, bloom or work-piece having been centered or pierced or penetrated as before described and rolled and formed on piercers or centers, for instance E213 and on the formingdie, for instance W, with only the use of the herein named web finishing roll, for instance G, die-supporting. roll, for instance, G tread or face roll H having a peripheral rolling face H and being formed, as shown, andtread or face roll K having a peripheral rolling face K and being'formed as shown, to the form or shape F shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is shown a car wheel rolled and formed to the form shown in a similarman-v ner and with similar operating parts as shown in Fig. 4.

From the foregoing it will now. be observed that, the piercers or work-supporting centers, together with the forming-die, revolubly or rotatably support the workpiece and that with the constant pressures in'said cylinders N andO (which cylindersv N and O are not shown herein) being operatively connected with said piercers or worksupporting centers by the means before described, and also shown and described in' my saidoriginal application, said piercers or work-supporting centers are pressed or forced automatically by constant pressures in said cylinders toward and against each die.

other or toward and against the opposite ends of the hub or against the opposite sides of the center portion of the work-piece, as and in the manner herein described. 7

In this manner the work-piece or wheel,

. while so supported by said piercersor worksupporting centers at its hub or center portion, is also automatically put into clamped condition laterally or axially at said hub portion between said piercers or work-supporting centers. Said automatic and constant pressure also serves other purposes. For instance, by constant pressures in said cylinders, the hub or center portion of the work-piece or wheel is also automatically and firmly clamped laterally or axially between said piercers or work-supporting centers, which is absolutely necessary in order to prevent said hub 0r center portion from being forced out of its true axial or central and desired lateral positions with respect to the remainder of the work-piece or wheel, during the forming or operating process, and this constant clamping force or constant clampin pressure automatically and continually remains during said operating proc-I ess and automatically retains the hub or center portion of said work-piece in its true axial or central position during said operating process, or during any desired axial or lateralmovement of the work-piece, or of the work-piece together with the forming- While the work-piece or wheel is so supported and is also so automatically and rmly clamped laterally or axially at its hub or center portion, said work-piece, or said workpiece together with the forming-die may be so automatically moved, or adjusted,

axially together with its said piercers or work-supportmg centers and to cause sald automatic axlal movement durmg the operation while the work-piece or wheel at its hub or center portion is in automatically clamped condition, it will only be required that either the constant pressure in onlyv one of said cylinders N or O is gradually somewhat reduced so as to cause said automatic axial movement as desired; or, that the c'onstant pressure in only one of said cylinders N or O, (which cylinders N and O arenot shown herein) is gradually somewhat increased so as to overcome the pressure in the other cylinder and thereby cause said automatic axial movement as desired. Vith reference to Figs. 7 and 8 shown on an enlarged scale: Fig. 7 shows the work-piece formed as before described with reference, for in stance to Fig. 9 and as hereinafter more 

